En blogosfære fuld af had

Jostein Gaarder og Thomas Hylland Eriksen skriver i New York Times om den islamofobiske diskurs på nettet, som har dannet grobund for forestillingen om en “væbnet kamp” mod “islamiseringen” af Europa (et Europa, hvor muslimer udgør 3% af befolkningen i Norge, og 5% af befolkningen i det, om man skal tro de mere ekstreme kredse, “hårdt ramte” Storbritannien):

IT is tempting to view Anders Behring Breivik, the self-described Christian crusader behind the July 22 massacre in Norway, as an isolated case of pure evil. Yet history has taught us that such acts of violence rarely occur independent of their social and cultural surroundings.

Mr. Breivik managed to commit two terrorist attacks in a single afternoon. But the hatred and contempt from which he drew his deranged determination were shared with many others throughout the international right-wing blogosphere.

The racism and bigotry that have simmered for years on anti-Islamic and anti-immigration Web sites in Norway and other European countries and in the United States made it possible for him to believe he was acting on behalf of a community that would thank him. As John Donne famously put it, “No man is an island … every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main.”

The global Islamophobic blogosphere consists of loosely connected networks of people — including students, civil servants, capitalists, and neo-Nazis. Many do not even see themselves as “right-wing,” but as defenders of enlightened values, including feminism.

The Islamophobes of Norway have no manifesto, but they share three fundamental views: that Norway is in the hands of a treacherous, spineless, politically correct elite that has betrayed the pure spirit of Norwegian culture by permitting demographic contamination; that Muslims will never be truly integrated (even if they pretend to be); and that there is a Muslim conspiracy to gain political dominance across Europe.

Hatred of Muslims and resentment of the left — one of us has repeatedly received resentful diatribes against the “multiculturalist elite,” and was mentioned in Mr. Breivik’s own writings — is not confined to Norway. Mr. Breivik has praised Gates of Vienna, a Web site that compares contemporary Europe to long-ago wars with the Ottomans. He has praised writers like Bruce Bawer, the American author of “While Europe Slept: How Radical Islam is Destroying the West from Within,” and Bat Ye’Or, the pseudonym for the British author of the conspiratorial “Eurabia: The Euro-Arab Axis.” He is an enthusiastic reader of the virulently anti-Islamic blog of Pamela Geller, an American who leads the group “Stop Islamization of America” and gained notoriety for her opposition to an Islamic center near ground zero in Manhattan.

Europe’s new right is, in other words, not neo-Nazi; it has swapped anti-Semitism for Islamophobia. After a hiatus of several hundred years, fear of Islam reemerged around 1989, as the Cold War was ending and Iranian mullahs issued a fatwa against the British writer Salman Rushdie. It gained popularity as increasing numbers of Muslims entered Europe as immigrants in the 1990s, and became widespread in the aftermath of 9/11. Traditional racism may actually be waning in several European countries, but hostility toward Islam and animosity toward Muslim immigrants and their children is on the rise.

Og ja, det er der jo nogen af os, der har sagt i årevis. I Danmark har man – udover i de mere ekstreme af Dansk Folkepartis udmeldinger – kunnet finde ekkoer af Breiviks synspunkter i den samling af højreekstreme blogs, som jeg selv spøgefuldt har kaldt skrigosfæren. Det ekstreme og nærmest grænseløst hadefulde anti-islamiske højre er i dag den største trussel mod det frie og åbne samfund i Europa, og det på trods af, at der er masser af konkurrence på netop dét område.

Link: A Blogosphere of Bigots

Washington Post om tragedien i Norge

Fredag den 22. juli skrev Jennifer Rubin i Washington Post:

There is a specific jihadist connection here: “Just nine days ago, Norwegian authorities filed charges against Mullah Krekar, an infamous al Qaeda-affiliated terrorist who, with help from Osama bin Laden, founded Ansar al Islam – a branch of al Qaeda in northern Iraq – in late 2001.”This is a sobering reminder for those who think it’s too expensive to wage a war against jihadists. I spoke to Gary Schmitt of the American Enterprise Institute, who has been critical of proposed cuts in defense and of President Obama’s Afghanistan withdrawal plan. “There has been a lot of talk over the past few months on how we’ve got al-Qaeda on the run and, compared with what it once was, it’s become a rump organization. But as the attack in Oslo reminds us, there are plenty of al-Qaeda allies still operating. No doubt cutting the head off a snake is important; the problem is, we’re dealing with global nest of snakes.”

Dette er nok en af de mest effektive påmindelser, man overhovedet kan få, om at nogle gange er det bedre at vente og se, hvad der faktisk er sket, før man sætter autopiloten på. Det lader til at dem, der vil “wage a war against jihadists” er blevet et større problem for Europa (og i hvert fald for Skandinavien) end Al Qaeda nogensinde har været. Men det kan kun tiden vise.

Via As’ad Abukhalil, der også citerer James Fallows fra The Atlantic: “No, this is a sobering reminder for those who think it’s too tedious to reserve judgment about horrifying events rather than instantly turning them into talking points for pre-conceived views”.

Dokumentation: Den norske terrorists YouTube-video

Videregivet uden nogen form for sympati med budskabet, naturligvis. Hvad der er interessant er, at den henviser til Breviks eget manifest, og at budskabet ligger ekstremt tæt op af de konspirationsteorier, der udspredes i de såkaldte “counterjihad”-netværk, som vi tidligere har omtalt her på bloggen.

Internationalt set taler vi om den britiske forfatter, der bedst kendes under dæknavnet Bat Ye’or, Pamela Geller og den rimeligt skingre Gates of Vienna, Brussels Journal og ikke mindst den anonyme norske blogger Fjordman. Der er også kontakter til deciderede fascister, for eksempel det belgiske separatistparti Vlaams Belang, der udnytter den “islamiske trussel” som element i deres kamp for et uafhængigt og ensrettet Flandern.

I Danmark er flere af bloggerne bag Uriasposten, Snaphanen samt Lars Hedegaard og dele af Trykkefrihedsselskabet vigtige dele af dette netværk – og ivrige kolportører af den konspirationsteori om “Eurabia”, der også ligger bag Breiviks video. Hermed pådrager de pågældende skribenter sig naturligvis ikke noget ansvar for Breiviks handlinger, men der er ingen tvivl om, at den meget hadefulde diskurs, der kan findes især i kommentarsporene på diverse blogs, har volden som sin yderste konsekvens. Også Lars Hedegaard har antydet muligheden af en “væbnet modstandskamp” mod de europæiske regeringer, for at vi kan slippe af med “muslimerne”.

Breivik kan, med sine selv for de kredse overskruede konspirationsteorier og sin makabre fremgangsmåde slet ikke betragtes som nogen typisk eksponent for denne bevægelse – men der er ingen tvivl om, hvor inspirationen kommer fra.

Som sådan er dette terrorangreb desværre ikke nogen enlig svale, men, som Rune Engelbreth Larsen skriver, kulminationen på årtier med højreorienteret terror i de nordiske lande.